

I recently read Can Evangelicals Learn from World Religions?:Jesus, Revelation & Religious Traditions by Gerald R. McDermott for Apologetics. This book was written for the purpose of examining evangelical’s theology on truth and revelation. The author is not questioning our means of salvation or suggesting universalism but rather he is suggesting that truth about God and human nature can be found among various beliefs. God has revealed himself in many ways to all people and this manifestation of God can be found throughout world religions. The author defines what he means by revelation and then gives Biblical and theological reasons to support his beliefs. He then takes a closer look at a couple world religions and analyzes what we as evangelical believers can glean from them. He does not give an exhaustive description of what can be learned but rather gets the reader thinking with the hopes of the reader continuing his search for God’s truth woven in among the world’s religions.
“This book…argues that if Saint Augustine learned from Neo-Platonism to better understand the gospel, if Thomas Aquinas learned from Aristotle to better understand the Scriptures, and if John Calvin learned from Renaissance humanism, perhaps evangelicals may be able to learn from the Buddha--and other great religious thinkers and traditions--things that can help them more clearly understand God's revelation in Christ” (12). Has God revealed things to other religions that are not contained in Christianity? Does this mean there is another provisional revelation outside of Christ? Is the redemptive work of Christ and the Scriptures not all there is? Are other world religions compatible with Christianity?
These have been some of the questions that have risen in my mind throughout reading this book. However, McDermott does not challenge the fact that salvation comes through Christ alone. He merely entertains the idea that perhaps God has enabled all humans with the knowledge of Him, which is then expressed different ways through different religions. He is not insinuating that there are multiple paths to heaven but rather is saying that insight can be gained from them. Religions are, after all, human creations to interpret the world and our existence. Because God has created each human with innate knowledge of a greater being and the unquenchable desire for Him, how then would truths of God not be found within these man made constructs? Yes, they are flawed and do not bring reconciliation to God but these humans attempts to strive for meaning and redemption have truths within that cannot be man made.
What can we learn from Buddhists? “…their experience of the distance between ordinary perception and reality can help check our natural presumption when talking about God… they also confirm the Bible’s picture of this cosmos and ourselves as radically dependent on God” (136, 141). What can we learn from Daoism? “…they can …help us understand the biblical paradox that God produces strength through human weakness” (165). What can we learn through Confucius? “We need to return [to Christ rather thanli] because we typically ignore the call of conscience to act with consideration of duty to others” (179). What can we through the teachings of Muhammad and the religion of Islam? Submission to God, creation as a theater of God’s glory, regular and theocentric prayer, charity to the poor, and making our faith public, just to name a few (194-202).
These truths are certainly not invented or producible by humans but are reproducible because they invariably come from God. As Western Christians, we have a tendency to live like we have all the answers and have nothing to gain from other religions. I firmly believe that I have received both general and specificrevelation and have been redeemed by Christ who is the only One who can reconcile me to God. I also agree with McDermott and believe I have much to learn about God and myself through other religions’ incomplete attempts to reach Him.
This summer I spent six weeks in Uganda. My dear friend and roommate, Krista, joined me a week later. We volunteered with two different organizations while we were there, one of them being a children’s library with ACCLs (Africa Christian Children’s Libraries) and the other an organization that worked with street children (Dwelling Places). I have many stories of people who touched my life and taught me so much but for right now I will just share one.
Krista and I met a family through another volunteer at Dwelling Places. We approached their small home and I noticed about 6 or 7 children around the home. This, however, isn’t uncommon for Ugandan home- families are fluid, everyone is welcome, and your neighbor is your friend. The mother, Agnes, came outside and warmly greeted us and thanked us for coming. Inside, there was a small baby, named Michelle, sitting on the coach. My eyes were instantly drawn to her frail malnourished body. I held her regardless of her mother insisting I should set her down because she might su-su (pee) on me. After we left, I thought to myself that it was so sad the baby was so tiny for her age (she was 7 months old but the size of a newborn) and I told my mom about her that evening on the phone and just said, “It was so sad”. But I had no intentions of going back or helping the family. “What can I do? I don’t want to be the typical American who pities people and then throws money at them. Wouldn’t it be patronizing if I showed up at their house because I felt sorry for them? And because I have more than them, does that make it ok for me to just come back with gifts or food?” These were just some of the many thoughts going through my head.
Krista told me she wanted to go back the following day. I was hesitant of how Agnes would view this, especially because Krista wanted to buy yogurt for Michelle and lollipops for the rest of the kids. If we went back, I wanted to go back as friends and build a friendship that was two way and not based on us giving material things and her receiving.
I went back that day with Krista. I had been so consumed with the obvious condition of Michelle the first time we visited that I didn’t even notice another baby sitting in the corner of the room crying. This time I saw her. Trust seemed “healthy” compared to Michelle. She was 1 ½ and although smaller than most 1 ½ olds in the US, she didn’t look malnourished. I picked her up and held her and she lay limp in my arms. She seemed to have a silent yet steady trickle of tears running down her face. She never smiled or giggled. When given food, she would eat one bean and then just start crying harder as if it physically pained her to even eat. My heart broke for her. I told Agnes that we could and should take Trust to the clinic because something clearly was wrong. Agnes did not have the money for the clinic but Krista and I told her we would pay for it. Thankfully, what Trust had was an easily treatable bacterial infection of some kind. On our last day at Dwelling Places, Agnes made us lunch and we said goodbye. Trust smiled for the first time I had ever seen on that day. That smile meant the world to me.
After returning several times throughout our stay at Dwelling Places, I began collecting pieces of the Agnes’ story. Agnes comes from the Congo and has experienced many horrific and difficult times. By the time she was 15, both of her parents had been killed. She was left with two options: go to the streets and survive through prostitution and/or begging or get married. She chose to get married because she said, “At least I knew someone would take care of me”. Because her husband is Ugandan, they moved to Uganda where she had her first child at 15. She has had 3 other children of her own and adopted at least 4 others. At 26, she is the mother of 8 children. Her husband is currently unemployed. I’m not quite sure if he was laid off of a former job or if he chooses not to work. Despite him not working, Agnes makes paper bead necklaces to support her family. However, making them is an extremely laborious and time consuming process and selling them locally barely covers the expense of the materials.
She has three babies- her youngest by birth is 2, Michelle is 7 months, and Trust is 1 ½. Both Michelle and Trust were abandoned by their birth mothers. Trust lived a couple houses away and Agnes noticed her sitting outside until 10 at night. Agnes went to the house and confronted the mother about neglecting her baby. Agnes told me that Trust’s hair was white-ish and all you could see of her was two eyes and bones. The mother said she didn’t care and couldn’t care for her and told Agnes she would just take her to the mother-in-laws house. Agnes informed me that mother-in-laws of illegitimate children have a bad reputation for killing the babies. Agnes told her that she would not let that happen and told her she would take her in herself. After she took Trust, the mother left and hasn’t been back. Thankfully, Agnes was able to nurse Trust back to health but she still remains quiet and sad. Agnes told me she thinks something happened to her while she would sit outside as a baby. Agnes took in Michelle’s birth mother before she was pregnant. After she gave birth, she left without warning and without her baby. Agnes had to feed her with cows’ milk that her body couldn’t digest properly. She is now able to begin eating solid foods and has a huge appetite! I have high hopes for her to be a healthy weight soon! Her mother also has never been back.
My heart slowly began to open up more to this family. I began feeling their pain and also their joy and wanting to share whatever I had with them. When Agnes first asked us to sell her necklaces, I wanted to say no because I didn’t want her to be dependent on us in any way. But whether it was the “right” choice or not, I agreed to take some beads to sell and find a way to send the money back to her. Not only does Agnes support herself, her husband, and at least 8 children, but she is also supporting her friend and her family. Her friend has HIV/ AIDS and does not have the finances to afford medical care let alone school fees for all her children. Her husband died of AIDS and she is all her children have. She admitted to us that she fears for her children’s futures because she knows she will not be on this earth much longer and they will be left without any support.
If Agnes, with so little can give so much, why can’t I? Agnes gave us quality time with her and her precious little ones, she gave us her friendship regardless of what we did or didn't have to offer, she gave us meals, she taught me about selfless love and faith in God's provision. I want to help, I want to give selflessly, but how do I know when I’m helping or hurting? God has been teaching me so much about what selfless giving looks like through Agnes, Krista, The Well, and the woman in the Gospels who poured her perfume on Jesus. I want to give freely and outrageously without hesitation like Mary did in John 12:1-11 when she poured her most valuable possession over Jesus’ feet. Serving God is costly and dirty. It cost Mary her life savings. She bent low and washed the dirtiest part of Jesus’ body. In stark contrast with her humility was Judas Iscariot. He was arrogant, thinking he knew better than her. He was skeptical and cynical, mocking her for her “useless” act of worship. However, true love and sacrifice don’t seek utility or personal benefits. I want to be like Mary giving lavishly and impractically because I know serving Christ isn’t the means to an end but an end in itself.
What is beauty?
Traveling often evokes an identity crisis within me. I’ve been a part of bits and pieces of many different cultures but never know which one is mine. Sometimes I wish I wasn’t white. Sometimes I wish I wasn’t American. Sometimes I wish I wasn’t blonde. Then I dye my hair and wish I wasn’t brunette. There are many different voices, opinions, and standards telling me what beautiful is and frankly… I have NO idea how to define it. I’ve changed my own mind about what makes something or someone beautiful time and time again, each time with a little more confusion and a little less certainty than the time before.
What is beauty?
The fact that I don’t even know which community I belong to/ want to belong to/ am accepted in, makes me feel much more lost in this area than the average bear who’s community defines beauty for him. I find myself chasing people’s ideals of beauty and imitating them, trying to find out what it is for myself. I just want be me. Easy for someone else to say. But what if I don’t know what me is supposed to look like, to say, or how me is supposed to act? Half the time, I don’t know what I’m “supposed” to do based on “where I’m from” because I don’t even know from where I hail.
What is beauty?
I don’t have a label. I don’t fit into any predetermined category. Who am I? Which identities do I embrace? And for when and what? When is it appropriate to change to be a part of your current culture and community? Beauty should be interchangeable in all settings, right? How do I stay the same person all the time? SHOULD I stay the same person all the time or be adapting to my location? And it goes beyond clothes and skin and gestures. How do I value ANYTHING without a working definition of beauty? What things are and SHOULD be valued as beautiful?
What is beauty?
God is my rock and foundation. I need to begin this search with Him and let His word transform my warped views of beauty and my identity. I am confused. I am fickle. I am broken. God is strong. God never changes. God restores the broken. I am inadequate. I am weak. I am dirty. God is perfect beauty. Jesus’ death is perfect beauty. What God created was good and beautiful. Then we messed that up with sin. With Jesus’ sacrifice, all my ugly shortcomings and weaknesses are covered and God only sees Jesus’ beautiful and perfect love. Jesus’ love has made my heart beautiful. Love has given this soul purpose. Love has turned something ugly into something beautiful.
What is beauty?
When I think of the people in my life who I find most beautiful, it is those who are Jesus’ hands and feet. Who are selfless servants. Those who love with all they have. Romans 10:15 says, “How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news of good things!”
What is beauty?
I may never fully be a part of any one community. I many never completely share ideals of beauty with a given society. But I do know who I am in Christ. And I do know that His love has made me beautiful. I am still a broken vessel but I am also a child of the Redeemer. I hope He will use me- inadequate on my own- to serve and love Him and others.
“Love will make you beautiful.” The Afters
Taking Philosophy of Education Fall semester of this year sparked my love for philosophies. So far I have written my philosophy of life, philosophy of education, and philosophy of discipline. And now here I am developing my philosophy of summer. Many more philosophies to come.
Our culture says summer is “time off.” Time off from being responsible. Time off from discipline. Time off from prayer and spiritual growth. Time off from hard work. Time off from wise choices. It’s easy to convince myself that I am ENTITLED to a “break” from all things difficult. We are saturated with a culture that whispers, “You DESERVE to sleep all day, to eat whatever you want, to make any decisions you want, to do NOTHING with eternal significance etc.” We become irresponsible, lazy, and gluttonous but justify all of these as acceptable and expected because we “deserve” them. This time is for me. It’s my summer. I do what I want. Why does our culture entertain this idea and embrace its meaninglessness? Unfortunately, our culture is always focused on “me”. Life is about you as an individual and what you can do to be happy, comfortable, and at ease. But I am FREE from the bondage of this world. Romans 6:5-6 says, “ For if we have become united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old self was crucified with Him, in order that our body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin…” (NASB).
I am accountable to Him for all the things I choose to do and don’t choose to do this summer. Everyday is a GIFT- an opportunity to love and a chance to bring glory to the Creator. Why have I dismissed summertime from this before? My view of summer began developing and being transformed two years ago while I was sitting in Lit & Arts II with Ms. Mellon (I mean Mrs. Ebersole). She was sharing her testimony during Missions Week, which in general I related to a lot and was really encouraged by. At one point she shared her journey to Nepal. She talked about her “ideal” summer plans previous to her 1st summer trip to Nepal- plain and simple- she wanted to spend the summer on the beach. But for SOME reason, she just couldn’t justify that in her mind anymore. She couldn’t sit on the beach when she could and should be serving God. When I first heard this, I was surprised and even offended because my OWN plans to sit on the beach all summer had just been disturbed. How could she insinuate that my own plan to just relax and treat myself to a break from serving God was wrong? I was so consumed in our culture’s view of personal entitlement that I couldn’t see God’s big picture. Yes, I desperately needed a break from schoolwork. And it is definitely a wonderful thing to enjoy the outdoors and a less insane schedule. But there is a HUGE difference between REST and LAZYNESS. God Himself rested on the seventh day. Jesus says in Matthew 11:28-29, “Come to me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest in your souls.” (NASB) But we are also called at ALL times to love God and love others. Ephesians 5:1-2 says, “Be imitators of God, therefore, as dearly loved children and live a life of love, just as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us as a fragrant offering.” (NIV).
This quote sums it up well:
“Rest is not idleness, and to lie sometimes on the grass under the trees on a summer’s day, listening to the murmur of water, or watching the clouds float across the sky, is by no means a waste of time.” ~Sir John Lubbock
So go enjoy EVERY DAY God has blessed you with and LOVE to the fullest. Carpe diem. Seize the day.
I love people watching. Especially in the Boston-Logan Airport, Terminal E, where all the international flights go out. I always have a long layover of at least 5 hours and this time I decided to tally some commonalties I observed. On my journey back home two days ago, I observed the international travelers that made their way past me. After watching people for around 2 hours some of my favorite things I saw were..
Fanny packs (7)
Man-pris (3)
Aladdin pants (2)
Dreads (4)
Mullets (5)
Wheelies (1) (And I wished I was wearing them. I was in the 45 minute grown up line to check my bag instead of twirling around carefree.)
"Go forth seeking adventure. Open your eyes, your ears, your mind, your heart, your spirit and you’ll find adventure everywhere." -Wilferd A. Peterson
Confucius once stated, “By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.” I believe all three of Confucius’ components to wisdom are applicable to me as I process and make sense of Urban Seminar.
Previous to this, I had never had any extensive experience in an urban setting. To my surprise, I found a lot of similarities between my experiences with international education and with urban education.
I specifically found a lot of similarities between my cultural experiences in Uganda and my cultural experiences in Philadelphia. In Uganda, there is an assumption from Americans that the children are in need of material possessions and help from Americans. Statements are made such as: “How can they live like this”, “I can’t wait to go home and use a real shower”, and “everything here is dirty”. I found myself slipping into this mindset and wanting to “fix” their “problems” and measuring their standard of living up to mine and assuming the difference must be wrong. However, this is extremely arrogant of me as an American to think WE have the answers and the power to “make the world right”, “right” meaning to make the world westernized like us. Just because we do something one way and Ugandans do it another way does not mean that one way is RIGHT or superior to the other. In the same way, I found similar assumptions to be present in the urban setting of Philadelphia. I overheard the same statements here: “How do they live like this”, “I can’t wait to go home and have a room that’s actually clean”, and “everything is so ghetto here”. I again felt myself slipping into the pattern of elevating my way of living above another way and assuming that this group of people or culture needed some reform.
Who exactly is the “they” I am stigmatizing in both situations? What are the implications of the way I define words like “real”, “dirty”, and “ghetto”? How can I justify getting the slightest glimpse of another’s culture and yet jumping to an enormous generalization about a population as a whole? No matter what culture I am blessed to observe and participate in, MY way of living is not superior to another, just different. Imposing my way of life is not only rude and offensive to someone from a different setting, but it implies that I am arrogant and unwilling to view life through their eyes.
Stereotypes run deep and are often a part of our unconsciousness. These are something I found present in both my experiences in Uganda and in Philadelphia. A common stereotype in Uganda: All Ugandans live in poverty. A common stereotype in Philadelphia: All urban parents don’t care about their children and their education. These well meaning but extremely misleading statements stigmatize these specific populations and perpetuate misconceptions and false representations. When given careful consideration, these statements are absurd. When my experiences with just a FRACTION of these two populations are examined it becomes evident that all the Ugandans I came in contact with did NOT live in poverty and that all of the urban parents I came in contact with were NOT unconcerned with their children’s education.
Let’s take another look at the way I’m defining my words. Poverty. What is poverty? Do I mean physical poverty? As in, they do not have the physical conveniences and comforts the typical American lifestyle entertains? Or do I mean spiritual poverty? Or poverty within relationships in the community? And if we do mean physical poverty, do those conveniences that we prize so highly as a developed country help us to become independent or cause us to become dependent on man made machines? Our ideas of “right” and “best” should be challenged and pondered before we are so bold as to label them with absolutes. How about the word “unconcerned”? Am I accusing parents of neglect? Violence? Apathy? It is ridiculous to assume that urban parents in Philadelphia love their children less than other parents do. Perhaps our misconception of unconcern is really a parent encouraging his or her student to be independent or a lack of the parent knowing what is expected from him or her. Before making rash accusations, we should dig deeper and be open to learning rather than fitting a situation into our previous schema.
I found something else through my experiences in Uganda and Philadelphia- I found my passion. Upon returning from Uganda and Rwanda and reading and researching about Sudan I became passionate about education as a vehicle for empowering people towards social change and conflict resolution. I dismissed teaching in the US from my future job radar because in this country clearly you can’t teach to promote social change (or at least my uneducated presuppositions told me so). I wanted to teach children who had fewer opportunities, who were at a disadvantage by their circumstances, and who had challenges to overcome. Then I taught for two weeks in Philadelphia and was blown away by the similar challenges I saw children face daily. THESE children too need education for empowerment. THESE children too need social change and conflict resolution. But this is NOT about me giving my students something. I want to be a guide for my students on their journey to excellence but I will also be LEARNING alongside them and from them.
I realized my passion does not belong solely to Africa. My passion belongs to every child who is fighting for an education to make a change and have a brighter future. I do not aspire to be a teacher who will define what “change” and “brighter future” mean to my students. I aspire to be a teacher who can equip my students with the abilities and tools to find out with that means for themselves, independently of me. I am passionate about teaching and my students. I am passionate about God and loving others. And I believe that I can use all of these passions to the fullest for the glory of God no matter where He leads me.